Biography:

ROHIN VINAYAK-Student of second year of MBBS, he has been interested in conducting investigations dealing with medical conditions. As the youngest researcher , he presented a research paper at 93rd Canadian Chemistry Conference held in 2010 at Toronto, Canada. He is interested in carrying out research on psychological impact on the caregivers of patients with life debilitating ailments. He has published a research paper (as co author ) in a reputed journal.

Abstract:

Due to the constant monitoring of the patient with diabetes 2, the carers themselves may show physical and emotional exhaustion ,may become vulnerable to physical ailments like blood pressure, increased risk of stroke etc. and psychological problems. A survey of hospitals showed that approximately hundred patients with diabetes type 2 are visiting the hospitals in Chandigarh and Mohali on a single day of outpatient department .Investigation was carried out on spouses of 100 patients with diabetes2 and of hundred without any chronic ailment( with equal number of male and female spouses in each group), in the age range of 35-40years , who have been married for approximately three to four years and have at least one child. Marital satisfaction inventory (Synder, 1979),Compassion fatigue (Figley, 1995)and WHO Quality of life (WHO, 1996)were administered to the subjects. Besides, a semi structured interview schedule was used for obtaining other related demographic information. Descriptive statistics , t-ratio , correlational analysis and multiple regression analysis was applied. Compassion fatigue came out to be significant predictor of quality of life and marital satisfaction in female spouses of patients . Female spouses were lower on quality of life and marital satisfaction as compared male spouses of patients. Significant differences emerged on compassion fatigue, quality of life and marital satisfaction in spouses of patients with diabetes and spouses of subjects without any chronic ailment.

Biography:

Marwan has recently completed his Masters in Pharmacology from the University of Pretoria, South Africa. He also holds diploma in pharmacology (University of North West, South Africa, 2011), post-graduate Diploma in Research Methodology and Biostatistics (University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Sudan, 2007) and Bachelor of Pharmacy (University of Sanaa, Yemen, 2003).

Abstract:

The association between long-term metformin use and vitamin B12 deficiency has been proven. The risk factors for the deficiency as well as its potential to cause or worsen peripheral neuropathy in T2DM patients have been investigated with conflicting results.

Biography:

I Mary Priyanka Udumula completed Bachelors of Pharmacy from kakatiya university securing 10th rank, Masters in Pharmacology from kakatiya universiity securing university 1st rank. Joined as DST inspire junior research fellow with inspire fellowship in Birla institute of Technology-PILANI, Hyderabad campus.

Abstract:

Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase activated by various stress signals and plays an important role in obesity, insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. Indirubin-3'-oxime (I3O) is an effective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK-3). However, the effects of I3O on PKR expression and related consequences in cultured rat cardiomyocytes have not been reported. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether I3O attenuates the effects of high glucose on PKR, oxidative stress and apoptosis in cultured rat cardiac myocytes. Q- PCR, western blotting, DAPI staining and DCFDA assay were done to measure protein/mRNA expression, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species levels respectively. High glucose treatment caused significant increase in PKR mRNA expression which was attenuated by co-treatment with Indirubin-3-oxime. High glucose treated cultured cardiomyocytes developed a significant increase in mRNA expression for JNK, caspase-3 and NF-KB, which were all attenuated by pretreatment with I3O. There was also a significant increase in reactive oxygen species generation as well as apoptosis in high glucose treated cultured cardiomyocytes, which was attenuated by pretreatment with Indirubin-3-oxime. In conclusion, I3O may have a preventive role against the deleterious effects of high glucose in the heart.

Biography:

Professor Nandakumaran Obtained his Doctorate Degree (PhD) in Reproductive Physiology from University of Paris VI, France in 1979. Worked for 4 Years as Research Consultamt in Biochemcial Pharmacology at St Vincent de Paul Hospital, Paris, France , Working currenlty as Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Kuwait Medical Faculty, DrNandakumaran specilaizes in maternal-fetal exchange of nutrients and drugs in humans and animals in normal and disease states and has publsihed nearly 90 research papers in International Scientific Journals as well as in International Conferences

Abstract:

Diabetes Mellitus in pregnancy is well known to be associated with increased maternal as well as neonatal mortality and morbidity. Altered disposition of essential trace elements and anti-oxidant function have been implicated in genesis of the disease as well as in increasing incidence of congenital malformations in the diabetic state as well. Previous studies in our laboratory have shown altered maternal-fetal disposition of some essential trace elements such Cu.Fe, Mo, Se and Zn in both insulin-dependent as well as gestational diabetic pregnancies. However there have been no reports to date on maternal-fetal transport of essential trace elements such as Cr, Mn and V in diabetic pregnancies in humans or experimental animals. Here we report for the first time in the literature maternal-fetal transport kinetics of the above mentioned trace elements in control and normoglycemic state and have explored the possible effect hyperglycemic diabetic state on the transport kinetics of the above elements in diabetic model human placental lobule in vitro, using perfusion of isolated human placental lobules in vitro. This perfusion method has been used extensively by us in assessing maternal-fetal transport of a variety of drugs and nutrients, including essential trace elements in control as well as diabetic pregnancies as well. Our studies show that hyperglycemia state alters maternal-fetal transport kinetics of above trace elements in vitro which could have nefarious fetal effects on the baby in the womb in hyperglycemic diabetes states. Acknowledgement : This work was supported by KFAS Research Grant # 2010130203

Biography:

Tsanligryenchin Dashdulam; Etugen school in 2010, bachelor degrees. University of Health Sciences in 2012, a master's degree. Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences school of Pharmacy and Bio-Medicine worked as a teacher in the Department of Physiology at the University.

Abstract:

Development of up-to-date technologies has changed the lifestyle of humanity and accordingly non infectious diseases, especially metabolic syndromes, which involve 20-25% of adults in the world, have been increasing. The metabolic syndromes which cause morphological changes alter the human body figure or human anthropometric measures. Recently we have found the studies on metabolic syndrome risk factors, but not the papers related to the anthropometric measurements. Thus there is a real need to determine the anthropometric measurements of Mongolians. Determine the human body figure types or the anthropometric measurement changes caused by the metabolic syndromes. 387 Mongolians aged 18-68 were involved in the study. Basic methods of anthropometric measurements, metabolic syndrome diagnosis and statistics were used in it. According to the defining of height differences, value of Student distribution, and statistical significant threshold between participants, healthy and with metabolic syndromes, of both sex, there were no evident variation. The statistical significance of the participants’ humerus diameter because of obesity, caused by metabolic syndrome, was observed (P<0.05 and P<0.01). Also the body mass index (BMI) of the both type’s participants has statistical great differences, and it is shown by modified waist indexes (P<0.01). Metabolic syndromes cause the statistical differences between diastole and systole of participants, both sexes (P<0.01). In accordance with sex differentiation their BMI has statistically marked difference (P<0.01). All in all the metabolic syndromes affect on human anthropometric measurements, especially it modifies the BMI more than the height.
For healthy men and women the anthropometric indexes are in normal distribution. And according to the sex the men anthropometric indexes are different from the women. An average BMI for men is 27.29±0.43, for women – 24.95±0.28. In proportion to healthy and metabolic syndrome suffered participants the anthropometric indexes are in normal distribution. And according to the sex the men anthropometric indexes are different from the women. An average BMI for men is 31.81±0.75, for women – 30.53±1.32. The waist index, the most modified anthropometric criteria, of all participants explained by the metabolic syndromes caused overweight. There were no distribution differences.

Biography:

Dr.NIVEDITA.E is undergoing postgraduation in General Medicine from Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute,Pondicherry,India. She has done an oral presentation at The Association of Physician’s of India-TamilNadu chapter and has participated as a delegate in CMEs conducted by various organisations such as Pondicherry Association of Neuroscientists and Indian medical Assocaiation in 2014 at Pondicherry,Association of Surgeons of India in 2013 and 2015 at Pondicherry,Urgencies Chirurgicales in 2013 at Pondicherry,programme on advances in critical care and emergency 5th national annual conference in 2013 at pondicherry. She is also a member of the American Heart Association accredited basic life support and Advance cardiac life support course since 2013

Abstract:

Objective: To report a case of diabetic muscle infarction,a rare complication of longstanding poorly controlled diabetes melltus.
Case report: We describe a case of a 55-year-old male with a 10 -year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, who presented to our casualty with complaints of sudden onset of left thigh pain and swelling. On evaluation his blood sugars were elevtated, his glycosylated haemoglobin value was high, ESR was raised, CK value was 1800 U/L. We made a presumptive diagnosis of pyomyositis and initiated intravenous antibiotics,but he showed no improvement. Blood and tissues samples were examined for microorganisms and demonstrated no white blood cells and no organisms. Then an MRI of the limb was considered for further evaluation.
Results: MRI of the thigh revealed edema diffused in the anterior compartment,T1-weighted images demonstrated uniform low-intensity signal enhancement of the affected muscle,T2-weighted images demonstrate high-intensity signal changes in the intra-and perimuscular tissues secondary to edema. Gadollinium-DTPA contrast showed linear areas of decreased signal intensity surrounded by rim-enhancement. A muscle biopsy showed coagulation necrosis in skeletal muscle and thrombosis in the small blood vessels. Thus the final diagnosis of Diabetic muscle infarction was made. He was given supportive treatment and he gradually improved.
Conclusion: DMI is a rare complication of diabetes that is often mistaken for infections such as cellulitis, abscess, polymyositis,traumatic,pyomyositis and necrotizing fasciitis or inflammatory thrombophlebitis. Treatment is supportive care. Although the short-term prognosis is good in these patients, the long-term prognosis is poor.

Biography:

Dr (Mrs) Vijayalakshmi V has completed her PhD in Biochemistry (National Institute Of Nutrition) from O.U.Hyderabad and pursued postdoctoral from CCMB,Hyderabad. She is currently ,Scientist F , HOD of Biochemistry and stem cell research NIN Hyd. She has several Ph.D students and post docs working with her .She is the receipient of Prestigious senior biomedical fellow ship from ICMR ,to visit Karolinska Institute,Sweden to work in the field of diabetic research.She has to her credit several publications,contributed in text books of regenerative research,and popular articles.She has been in several committee of stem cell board,research advisory ,selection and board of studies in universities,hospital ,industry etc. Her current interst is in the field of Non –communicable diseases including diabetes.

Abstract:

Diabetes is characterized by near (type 1) or relative (type 2) deficiency and the regulation of β-cell mass is a critical issue in understanding the disease, when pancreatic islet regeneration can compensate the loss of functional β-cells and forms an attractive strategy for the control of diabetes. Working in this direction , we have demonstrated for the expansion and differentiation of the pancreatic progenitors such as Ductal epithelial cells(DEC)/CK-19+ve/ABCG-2 /PLP and Nestin positive cells (NPC) / ABCG-2 / RA in a STZ induced diabetic mice model system under the nutrient regulation of PLP/Vitamin B6 and all Trans Retinoic acid.The in vitro generated neoislets were functionally viable, and three weeks of post Tx almost normalized the hyperglycemic response, upregulation of key transcription factors (Pdx-1,Glu-2 and Reg, Insulin) vis a vis evidences of beta cell regeneration. Yet in another approach studies by Vikas etal (2009) and kadam et al (2011) have well documented for the differentiation potential of MSCs (adipose /& and placenta ) to generate ILCCS ,and their ability to reverse hyperglycemia in model system.Their findings are significant keeping in view that Mesenchymal stem cells (perinatal tissues,adipose derived ,Bone marrow) display remarkable immunomodulatory, reparative and anti-inflammatory properties and studies show that they augment repair process by secreting paracrine factors to modulate the milieu.With the advent of iPSCs technology, to recreate physiological milieu using adult stem cells to generate embryonic like stem cells / and their differentiation to ILCCS hold further promises of stem cells in the management of diabetes in future.

Biography:

Mrs.K.Saraswathi is working as an Assistant Professor at Nehru Memorial College , which is in Trichy District in Tamilnadu state. She has completed her B.Sc and M.Sc degree in the same College. She has got her M.Phil and M.C.A from Periyar University, Tamilnadu. She is currently pursuing her doctorate degree at Bharathiyar University under the guidance of Dr.V.Ganesh Babu,who is working as an Assistant Professor at Government College for Women in Karnataka, India.

Abstract:

Diabetic Retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes and the primary cause for visual impairment and blindness in adults that is caused by changes in the blood vessels of the retina. The symptoms can blur or distort the patient’s vision. Retinopathy is often symptomatic and the patient is unaware of retinopathy until the eyes are routinely examined or until visual impairment is detected.Regular screening is essential in order to detect the early stages of diabetic retinopathy for timely treatment to prevent further damage of vision.The retina is a unique site where the microvasculature can be directly visualized and monitored repeatedly over time. An important aspect of DR is the micro-vascular changes that cause detectable changes in the appearance of retinal blood vessels. Recent advances in retinal hotographic imaging techniques have facilitated the development of computer assisted methods to measure and quantify subtle variations and abnormalities in the retinal microvasculature. The blood vessels in the retina get altered. Exudates are secreted, micro aneurysms and hemorrhages occur in the retina. The appearance of these features represent the degree of severity of the disease.Micro aneurysms are focal dilations of retinal capillaries and appear as small round dark red dots. Haemorrhages occur when blood leaks from the damaged retinal vessels.Exudates occur when lipid or fat leaks from abnormal blood vessel or aneurysms.The different stages of Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy are detected using the features Exudates,Blood Vessels, Micro aneurysms and Haemorrhages.An early detection and diagnosis will assist in timely treatment and a reduction in the percentage of visual impairment due to these conditions, it will assist for a better treatment plan and to improve the vision related quality of life.

Biography:

Richa Chaturvedi has submitted her PhD at the age of 29 years from Assam University and completed her JRF (2010-2012) as well as SRF (2013-2015) from DRDO, Tezpur, India. She has published two international papers and communicated two more. She has attended three national conferences and is a reviewer of many reputed Journals.

Abstract:

High concentrations of iron in the body can inhibit phagocytosis and transporter proteins. If there is a reduction in the liver iron, it can improve the glucose/insulin axis. This study documents the effect of administration of iron rich water on hemolytic anemia in a Wistar rat’s animal model. Hemolytic anemia was induced intraperitoneally by phenyl hydrazine and diagnosed by blood hemoglobin lowering. After inducing the hemolytic anemia, 24 Wistar rats (n=6 in four groups) were randomly assigned to 1mg/l, 5 mg/l and 10 mg/l ferric oxide iron along with 1mg/l ascorbic acid administered through drinking water, a control group was treated with iron-free water. After 30 days of treatment, the hematological and biochemical parameters, iron levels in liver, spleen and kidney were estimated. A significant increase of serum iron and ferritin and a decrease of TIBC (total iron binding capacity) were observed without changes in other biochemical parameters in the group treated with 5mg/l iron and ascorbic acid. However, in the group treated with 10 mg/ml iron and ascorbic acid, hematological changes with significantly higher values for white blood cell count, glucose, splenic and liver iron content indicates potential toxicity at this supplementation level. The result suggest that the optimum concentration of iron (5 mg/l) and ascorbic acid may improve anemic conditions and may be therapeutically beneficial in the treatment of anemia without any negative impact, while 10 mg/l in drinking water seems to be the threshold for the initiation of toxicity.

Biography:

G. Suresh Kumar has completed his PhD at the age of 28 years from University of Mysuru and Postdoctoral studies from Daegu University, South Korea and McMaster University, Canada respectively. He is a Scientist at CFTRI, Mysuru working in the area of Biochemistry and specialization in obesity, diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. He has published more than 20 papers in various reputed national and international journals.

Abstract:

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most serious microvascular complication of diabetes. Involvement of sterol regulatory binding protein (SREBP1) in the development of DN may trigger the expression of TGF-, which enhances the accumulation of extracellular matrix in diabetic kidney. Oryzanol Concentrate (OC) shown to have hypolipidemic property has been evaluated for DN complications in the current study. Animals were grouped into starch fed; High fat fed and treated control (SFC, HFC, OFC 0.1 and 0.3%) as well as respective diabetics (SFD, HFD, OFD 0.1 and 0.3%). Diabetes was induced by injecting STZ to animals. Lipid profile in the HFD groups was altered significantly when compared to SFD group and was ameliorated by oryzanol concentrate treated groups in dose dependent manner. Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and kidney weight in HFD groups were reduced with OC (0.1 &0.3%) treatment by 1.09 and 1.3 fold. PAS and Immunohistochemistry of the sections showed the accumulation of glycoprotein and collagen (IV) in HFD whose intensity was reduced with OC groups. Expression of TGF-β gene was corroborated with kidney sections of HFD (2.7 fold) and in treated groups, which down regulated by 1.3 and 1.36 fold, where the expression in SFD was 1.6 fold lesser than the HFD. Content of fat in kidney was higher in HFD when compared to SFD group and was reduced by OC. In the current study oryzanol concentrate had positive effect in reducing DN and use of such an ingredient in the preparation of food may be recommended for diabetics.

Biography:

Post graduate in kmc mangalore, final year

Abstract:

INRODUCTION: The prevalence of hyperuricemia has been increasing in recent years, not only in advanced countries but also in developing countries, along with development of their economy. The metabolic syndrome is a growing public health problem in the world. Components of the metabolic syndrome including Diabetes, Hypertension, Dyslipidaemia.
OBJECTIVE: Our study was performed to evaluate association of hyperuricemia with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 people with metabolic syndrome were included. Metabolic syndrome was defined as per ATP III guidelines. Hyperuricemia was defined with cutoff >6.8mg/dl in both men and women. Associated work up for metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance like FBS,FLP,FASTING INSULIN,SERUM URIC ACID was done. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements including weight, height & waist circumferences were measured and BMI calculated. HOMA IR method was used for calculating insulin resistance. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate association of hyperuricemia with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.
RESULTS: Hyperuricemia was associated with elevated triglyceride levels (p = 0.045 ) and insulin resistance (p = 0.018). There was no significant association of hyperuricemia with other components of metabolic syndrome.
CONCLUSION: Hyperuricemia was associated with elevated triglycerides and insulin resistance.

Biography:

Mr. Plaban Bhattacharya did his M. Pharm. from Jadavpur University, pursued Ph.D. research work as Senior Research Fellow of CSIR, New Delhi and presently writing his PhD Thesis. His supervisor Prof. Achintya Saha, in the Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta is working in analytical method development including metabonomics and toxicity studies. He has published more than 70 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Severe maternal, foetal and neonatal doldrums are coupled with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Search, validation and implementation of new and safe medications are necessary. Triphala is an ancient herbal formulation effective in several disease conditions. However its effect in GDM is reported to be ambiguous. In the present investigation, the hydro-ethanolic extract of prepared triphala powder was complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (BCD), for mainly unpleasant taste masking, bioavailability and stability enhancement. The TR-BCD complex in different dose levels were administered in pregnant, streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Serum metabolite and antioxidant status, pregnancy outcomes and neonatal malformations were found to be beneficial in comparison to diabetes-control. Liver and kidney histology showed major recovery. Estrus cycle duration and concentration of serum gonadotropin and gonadal hormones were found to be normal in TR-BCD treated group (25 mg/kg/day, administered from day 1 to 16 of pregnancy). The inclusion complex of TR-BCD was characterized by TEM, DLS and HPTLC analyses. TR-BCD nanospheres were found to be a sustained release delivery device and should be explored further to unravel its mechanism of action.

Biography:

Abstract:

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rapidly rising worldwide. It has been associated with many micro-vascular and macro-vascular complications1. Among all the complications, peripheral neuropathy is considered to be the most common with prevalence 60 to 65% and 11% patients with diabetic neuropathy complaining of pain2, where 50% of all the inpatient admissions are due to foot complications caused by peripheral neuropathy (DPN)3,4 DPN is a result of injury to the Vasa nervorum, axons and atrophy of the axons leading to tissue damage5. All nerve fibres may be injured, but small myelinated and unmyelinated fibre’s that transmit pain and temperature are most affected6. In association with injury to the nerves, reduced microcirculation of the blood is responsible for the development of ulcers, and infections of skin and bone in T2DM subjects with long duration of diabetes mellitus7. In many subjects with diabetic neuropathy, pain will develop as a symptom localized to the lower extremities, primarily the soles and toes8. Evidences suggest that long term complications of diabetes mellitus are associated with depressive symptoms, the neuropathic pain considered to be one of the major cause for the depression.

Biography:

Abstract:

Foot infections are a common and serious problem in persons with diabetes. Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) typically begin in a wound, most often a neuropathic ulceration. While all wounds are colonized with microorganisms, the presence of infection is defined by ≥2 classic findings of inflammation or purulence. Infections are then classified into mild (superficial and limited in size and depth), moderate (deeper or more extensive), or severe. Uninfected wounds do not require antibiotic therapy, infected wounds do. Empiric antibiotic regimens must be based on available clinical and epidemiologic data, but definitive therapy should be based on cultures of infected tissue

Biography:

Mohammed Farhan Katheem, M.Sc., Advanced Biochemistry (2007 – Thiruvalluvar University) and worked as a Research Fellow at Genewin Biotech company, Hosur, TN (2007-2008); later he joined as Research Assistant (2008-2011) with Dr.T.P.Sastry, Sr. Principal Scientist and Head of the Department, Bioproducts Laboratory, later he was awarded CSIR-Senior Research Fellowship and joined the same from 2012 to till date under the guidance of Dr. A. B. Mandal, Director i/c, CSIR-CLRI and working at Bioproducts Laboratory. He has Published 7 papers in National and international journals of repute and he has credit of 2 patents, which was commercialized to Indian companies. He has presented more than 10 papers and posters together in international and national conferences. Presently doing research in the field of Biomaterials and Diabetes detection using Non-invasive diagnostic technique using Vibrational spectroscopy and its clinical correlation in biomedical applications.

Abstract:

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a fastest growing non communicable disease in India. The bio-molecule, protein is mainly affected by diabetic condition due to presence of reactive functional groups results in glycation and aggregation. The human nail plate is act as shield and it gives protection to human body and composed of hard α – keratin, which is the substance forming stratum corneum. Acceptable differences in infrared (IR) spectra of Diabetic (D), Prone to Diabetic (PD) and Non-Diabetes (ND) human toenail specimens were investigated in this study.
Methods: Both male and female subjects’ toenail specimens with different age group were recruited. The different groups’ nails were studied by using PerkinElmer Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectrometer data were correlated with clinical investigations.
Results: The toe nail of D & ND were studied extensively had shown amide I, II and III bands are observed with slight shifting with reference to age groups and duration of diabetes. The amide III bands are present in both D & ND but the alkylthiolated bands still only present in diabetic patients. Clinical results have shown difference in all three group subjects.
Conclusion: The protein in the nails of D contains α-helical structure, including the presence of amide II bonds where as it is absent in ND. In D & ND toe nails are showing more or less same results for amide I, II & III. The alkyl thiolation is unique in chronic diabetic patients in toe nail too. It is helpful in screening diabetes for long-term basis in chronic diabetic patients with ref to their toe nail growth. The PD data gave important clues between D & ND groups.

Biography:

Ravisekhar N Hiremath working as Assistant Director of Health, Department of Community Medicine, Ranchi,India.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Annually about 4.6 million deaths are being attributed to Diabetes mellitus which is one of the growing public health problem world-wide. The most dangerous thing about diabetes is that more than 50 % of them are unaware of their diabetes status and more so among the household women who are neglected the most.
OBJECTIVES: (i) To assess the prevalence of diabetes (DM) and to co-relate risk factors associated if any among household women. (ii) To carry out lecture cum discussion to increase their knowledge and teach them simple preventive cum precautionary measures based on the prevalence
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out among all the household women staying in a particular community of tribal sate. Data was collected among 1373 women who consented for the study using a pre-tested self-administered structured questionnaire and relevant investigations were carried out.
RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 29.01 with SD of 5.71.Majority (63.4%) of them basically belonged to urban areas. 65 % of them had a family monthly income of less than 20,000 while 2.5 % had above 40,000/-. 65 % were having mild anemia, while 9 % and 1% had moderate and severe anemia respectively. The prevalence of DM was 0.30% while 2 % were pre-diabetic. 16 % were obese and 38% were overweight. Obesity was significantly associated with DM (P=0.041). Similarly income was significantly associated with obesity (P=0.00) and DM (P=0.010). An intensive lecture cum discussion and video display was carried out with regards to lifestyle diseases preventive cum precautionary measures which were appreciated by all.
CONCLUSION: Prevalence of Diabetes and pre-diabetes was high even though no baseline data exists. Intensive information, education, communication (IEC) activities involving simple preventive measures targeted to household women and frequent check on diabetes is the need of the hour. Lifestyle pattern and local environmental factors may play an important role which needs to be studied in detail.

Biography:

P. Hemalatha completed her M.Sc. in Bioinformatics. She is currently pursuing her doctorate degree under the guidance of Dr. Mazher Sultana. She has undergone training on genome analysis and phylogenetic studies in Akshaya Neuroinformatics Institute. She has completed course in SQL (Relational Database Management System) and also made research on drugs for polycystic ovaries.

Abstract:

As of 2013, 382 million people have diabetes worldwide. Type 2 makes up about 90% of the cases. This is equal to 8.3% of the adult population with equal rates in both women and men. In 2014, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimated that diabetes resulted in 4.9 million deaths. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that diabetes resulted in 1.5 million deaths in 2012, making it the 8th leading cause of death. The discrepancy between the two estimates is due to the fact that cardiovascular diseases are often the cause of death for individuals with diabetes; the IDF uses modeling to estimate the amount of deaths that could be attributed to diabetes. More than 80% of diabetic deaths occur in low and middle-income countries. The aim of the project to find out the percentage of homology between the molecular gene coded proteins. We perform sequence alignment and protein 3D structure comparison using bioinformatics tools and databases. The scope of the project lies in finding out how the novel drug candidates can be applied in future clinical research studies using deliver rat model protein.

Biography:

Abstract:

Diabetes mellitus is a systemic metabolic disease, characterized by fluctuating levels of glucose which affects multiple organs. Hearing loss is one of the most common otological disorders in adults with diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of otological diseases and hearing loss patterns in adults suffering from diabetes. A total of 174 diabetic patients with hearing loss visiting MAA ENT Hospitals, Hyderabad, India constituted the study subjects. The patient’s age ranged from 40-80 years and the diagnosis was confirmed by otological examinations. Hearing loss was evaluated using pure tone audiometry and average for the frequencies at 0.5,1,2,4 and 8 kHz was recorded. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association risk factors with hearing loss in diabetes subjects. In the present study, otitis media (60.3%), presbycusis (27%) and otosclerosis (4.6%) were the common otological disorders in diabetic patients with hearing loss. 41.1 % of the total subjects were also affected with tinnitus. 44.3% of the subjects showed conductive, 38.5 % is sensorineural and 17.2 % is of mixed hearing loss. The prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss in tinnitus subjects is 34.3 % which was more compared to the patients without tinnitus. It was also observed that there was a significant association of sensorineural hearing loss (OR=4.23; 95% CI=2.10-8.49; p<0.001) with >60 years of age group. The present study revealed significant association of sensorineural hearing loss in elderly patients affected with co-morbid condition of diabetic mellitus.

Biography:

Dr. Subbiah Ramasamy has completed his PhD at the in Molecular Cardiology from Madurai Kamaraj University and post-doctoral research at University of Temple, Philadelphia and University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA. He joined Madurai Kamaraj University as Assistant Professor in 2010. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Environmental chemicals from industries, traffic and smoking are compartmentalized to a small exposure groups but the food-based xenobiotics like agrochemicals and food additives pose risk for a larger group through food chain. In our study we analyzed the effect of an agrochemical – monocrotophos (MCP) and a a bye-product of caramel coloring – 4-methylimidazaole (4-MEI) on glucose homeostasis of mice. Chronic administration of MCP leads to hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance mediated by the activation of OP metabolizing potential of gut microbiota. Metatranscriptomics and metabolomics studies revealed that gut microbial degradation of OP produces short chain fatty acids like acetate, which induces intestinal and hepatic gluconeogenesis and thus accounts for glucose intolerance. On the other hand, 4-MEI induces hypoglycemia through β-cell hyperplasia leading to hyperinsulinimea condition. Molecular studies revealed the induction of glycogenesis and lipogenesis and inhibition of gluconeogenesis during 4-MEI treatment. Observance of cyotoplasmic lipid particles and serum lipid profile confirmed the induction of lipogenesis. Oxidative stress was induced during both chemical treatments and lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation were increased. Collectively, our results showcased rather than traditional risk factors (genetics, physical activity, smoking, mental stress), these food-based xenobiotics plays a major role in glucose dyshomeostasis and conclusively we are recommending creation of proper rules for the management of these chemicals use in food.

Biography:

Sayantan Nath has completed his M.Sc. at the age of 25 years from Dept. of Biotechnology, Assam University,Silchar, India and is currently pursuing doctoral research under Dr. Yashmin Choudhury at Dept. of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar. He has published 3 papers in reputed journals and has 1 book chapter.

Abstract:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most rampant metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia with altered carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. DM is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) thereby generating oxidative damage in different tissues. 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine-threonine kinase found in all eukaryotes that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism and its dysregulation results in the development of DM. The present study demonstrates the novel observation that activation of AMPK in type I diabetic mice is gender- and tissue-specific. The study involved the use of a type 1 diabetic mouse model in both male and female Swiss albino mice by administering alloxan monohydrate (150 mg kg-1 body weight) injection intraperitoneally (i.p). Spectrophotometric analysis of DM associated oxidative stress parameters (viz. lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation) and slot blotting of phospho-AMPK were performed using anti-phospho AMPK antibody. There was a pronounced increase in oxidative stress parameters in heart, kidney and liver tissue in male alloxan-induced diabetic mice in comparison to female. Lipid profiling also showed a steep increase in total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and very low-density lipoproteins (LDL) with decrease in high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in both male and female DM mice. With increase in oxidative stress parameters, mean intensities of phospho-AMPK levels in heart, kidney and liver tissues of male DM mice displayed a significant decrease in comparison to that of control mice. However, in female DM mice there was an increase of phospho-AMPK level in heart tissue with respect to controls, while a decreased phospho-AMPK level was noticed for kidney and liver tissues with respect to controls.

Biography:

Abstract:

Recent studies have the investiagted that insulin resistance (IR) is a strong risk factor for diabetes and cerebral stroke, which are leading causes of death and long term disability. In the recent past, various studies reported that impaired GSK-3β activity was found in IR and cerebral stroke . The present study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective role of GSK-3β inhibitors against cerebral stroke and cognitive deficts in diabetic rats. IR was induced by high fat diet (HFD) and cerebral stroke was acheived by 60 min ischemia followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. To estimate motor coordination rotarod performance, actophometer test has been performed. Cognitive impairment was assessed using Y-maze task and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity. Biochemical estimations were done to estimate oxidative and inflammtory markers, brain insulin levels, serum glucose levels. Molecular estimation of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and GSK-3β levels were also estimated. Histopathological estimation was done using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The rats subjected HFD and cerebral stroke, showed increased serum glucose and insulin levels, reduced brain insulin levels, altered motor cordination and cognition along with elevated oxidative stress and AchE activity. In addition reduced BDNF levels and high GSK-3β activity has been observed. In contrast, rats treated with GSK-3β inhibitor after IR and stroke, significantly improved behavioral and memory performance, reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, improved BDNF levels and attenuated GSK-3β activity.The current study suggest neuroprotective effect of GSK-3β inhibitor aganist cerebral stroke and associated cognitive deficts in diabetic rats

Biography:

Abstract:

Sea weeds are a group of non-flowering marine plants commonly referred to as marine macroalgae. The edible sea weeds contain biologically active compounds with potential applications in functional food and nutraceuticals, hence they are used against several human diseases traditionally. The present study is to investigate the anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant activities of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of different marine macroalgae in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of marine macroalgae extracts at a concentration of 125mg/kg body weight for 21 days treatment showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in marine macroalgae extracts coded AE3, FS4, FM4, OS1 and SS1 out of 30 extracts. Among these FS4 and FM4 showed more significant decrease in fasting blood glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. The results also demonstrated in significant increase in reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-s-transferase and decrease in lipid peroxidase in liver, kidney and brain of diabetic rats. The results signify that sea weeds typically used as nutraceutical and functional food to reduce anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant effects in in vivo. Thus, the marine macroalgae extracts might have beneficial properties in the prevention of diabetes and could be useful in development of anti-diabetic pharmaceutical and functional food resources.

Biography:

Abstract:

Diabetes mellitus is a systemic metabolic disease, characterized by fluctuating levels of glucose which affects multiple organs. Hearing loss is one of the most common otological disorders in adults with diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of otological diseases and hearing loss patterns in adults suffering from diabetes. A total of 174 diabetic patients with hearing loss visiting MAA ENT Hospitals, Hyderabad, India constituted the study subjects. The patient’s age ranged from 40-80 years and the diagnosis was confirmed by otological examinations. Hearing loss was evaluated using pure tone audiometry and average for the frequencies at 0.5,1,2,4 and 8 kHz was recorded. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association risk factors with hearing loss in diabetes subjects. In the present study, otitis media (60.3%), presbycusis (27%) and otosclerosis (4.6%) were the common otological disorders in diabetic patients with hearing loss. 41.1 % of the total subjects were also affected with tinnitus. 44.3% of the subjects showed conductive, 38.5 % is sensorineural and 17.2 % is of mixed hearing loss. The prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss in tinnitus subjects is 34.3 % which was more compared to the patients without tinnitus. It was also observed that there was a significant association of sensorineural hearing loss (OR=4.23; 95% CI=2.10-8.49; p<0.001) with >60 years of age group. The present study revealed significant association of sensorineural hearing loss in elderly patients affected with co-morbid condition of diabetic mellitus.

Biography:

Justin Rayappa A, He did UG and M.Phil Zoology at Presidency College and M.Sc Zoology from Loyola College, Chennai. At present pursuing Part time PhD under the guidance of Dr. Mazher Sultana, Rtd. Prof and Head, presidency College Chennai through AMET University, ECR Chennai. Working as PG Assistant at Dominic Savio Hr Sec School, Chennai.

Abstract:

The practice of placing a small tobacco or chewing tobacco in the oral cavity and leaving it in place for extended period of time appears to be finding its way onto middle school, high school and college campuses as socially acceptable habits. Numerous reports in the literature have, described oral changes that appears to be associated with the use of smokeless tobacco in the adults. Such information is not available in the teenagers/adolescents/ lower age groups residents of SS Puram and SVM Nagar located in the Otteri area of North Chennai, Tamilnadu. A survey (Questionnaire) was used to collect information about students’ smokeless tobacco use, students’ current knowledge and the impact of smokeless tobacco on health. It was observed that smokeless tobacco habit is prevalent in males than female. Most common age to start smokeless tobacco was found as 12 and MAWA, HANS and Gutkha was most commonly used chewing material in Otteri area, consumed for more than five times a day by individuals with habit. Use of smokeless tobacco was appeared to cause a greater variety and severity of habit and tissue changes among the users than individuals without the tobacco habit.

Biography:

Dr. Monisha Banerjee worked for Ph.D at Central Drug Research Institute and received degree from BHU, Varanasi. After a postdoc tenure at Department of Medical Genetics, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, she joined as Assistant Professor at BHU in 2004. Presently she is Associate Professor at Lucknow University, she established the Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory. Her research interests are molecular genetics of T2DM, cervical cancer and prenatal diagnosis. She has seven national projects to her credit and has published 60 papers in reputed journals. She has supervised 10 Ph.D students, is co-ordinator of Genetics and Genomics course and has other departmental responsibilities.

Abstract:

The onset and progression of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) result due to an alteration in cytokine levels, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cyclooxygenases (COX). COX is responsible for PGE2 production and is regulated by inflammatory cytokines viz. IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10 while pro-inflammatory cytokines viz. IL-6 and TNF-α are differentially regulated by PGE2 and COX. Our objective was to study the association of selected gene variants viz. IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, COX2 and COX expression in T2DM. Blood samples from 1,157 subjects (717 controls and 440 cases) were collected for genotyping by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) after ethical approval and individual consent. Serum IL-10 level was measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Genotypic and haplotypic analyses were performed by SPSS (v-21.0) and SHEsis (v-online). Expression analysis was performed by real time-PCR and data were analyzed using Prism software (v-5.0). VNTR (70bp) in IL-4-Intron3, ‘GG’ of IL-6-174G/C, TC’ genotype of IL-10-819T/C, ‘GG’ of IL-10-1082A/G, and ‘GG’ of COX2+1195T/C showed significant association with T2DM (P<0.01). Individuals with haplotype ‘TG’ of IL-10-819T/C and -1082A/G, ‘CG’ of IL-6-174G/C and -597C/G showed 1-3 times higher risk of developing T2DM. Results showed significant increase of serum IL-10 levels in T2DM cases (P<0.033). COX1 and COX2 genes showed higher expression in T2DM as compared to controls (1.04, 1.034 folds respectively). ‘TT’ genotype of COX2+1195T/C showed 1.024 folds higher mRNA expression. Cytokine gene variants might help in revealing individual disease risk and understand the relation between cytokines and COX expression in T2DM

Biography:

Aswathy K has completed her graduatation (M.Sc., Ph.D) from the Indian Institute of Technology Madras and has a very good knowledge of physiology at the professional level.Though she didn't affiliate with any institution,presently working her own at vedic sciences,India.

Abstract:

A Diagram – evolved from previous research in Vedic Sciences – is first presented, which shows a New Relationship, hitherto undiscovered, between a set of Meridians which may be called the “Fundamental Set of Meridians” [most of these Meridians, as presented here, are related to Pranic Chakras]. It is found that most present-day malaises which are classified by name of “DISORDERS” (ie. Which are not “Diseases” caused by infections etc.) – most notably Diabetes – depend crucially upon BALANCES between these Meridians, according to certain Fundamsntal Rules. Short discussions will be first made, showing how Diabetes is governed strongly by Imbalances in Ajna, Solar Plexus and Navel Chakras [this is also reason why (Development of Concentration Power, thus) Meditation, Hatha Yoga and Pranayama – in turn also implying Attainment of Perfect Yogic State – are highly powerful in preventing also curing Diabetes]. The second half of discussions relates directly to Physiology, and 2 important points are made here: Firstly it is shown, through arguments in Theory of Acupuncture, how the enzyme “Glucose Phosphatase” must be a substance in body which has a direct dependence on Diabetes, it is also of crucial importance in causing most of the secondary effects of Diabetes including retinopathy, kidney stones etc. [conversely, restoring levels of glucose phosphatase to normal levels will have tremendous value in curing Diabetes]. Secondly, it is explained, based on physiological considerations, how Diabetes will very strongly depend on Ratio of Unsaturated to Saturated Fats in Free Fatty Acid, and this is the single important physiological condition which causes “Indo-Diabetes” with all its characteristics (especially of abdominal fat), it also leads directly to Obesity [this Ratio also depends on level of “Glycerol” in tissue cells and blood].