19^thAsia Pacific Diabetes Conference July 20-22, 2017 Melbourne, Australia

Rosie Viner has completed her Bachlor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery at The University of Notre Dame Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia. She holds a previous bachelor’s degree in Forensic Science and this research comprises her Honours research degree completed in 2016. She will start work at Fiona Stanley Hospital as an Intern in 2017 with hopes to becomes and Obstetrician & Gynecologist and further her research in Gestational Diabetes.

Background: In 2015 the Australian criterion for diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was changed to mirror the internationally applied IADPSG criterion. Research has predicted this would increase the incidence of GDM due to the lower fasting threshold and a new 1-hour diagnostic value. Aims: To quantify the impact of the IADPSG guideline on the incidence of GDM at a secondary hospital in Australia. It was hypothesised that the incidence of GDM would increase with no associated difference in maternal or foetal outcomes. Materials and Methods: Only women with well-controlled GDM continue their pregnancy at this Secondary Hospital, with those uncontrolled or requiring insulin referred to a Tertiary Hospital. All births between January-June 2015 (n=899) and 2016 (n=925) were included in the study. Pregnancies with GDM in 2015, under the previous criteria (n=71) and those in 2016, under the IADPSG criteria (n=56) were identified. Routine clinical data including blood glucose results, maternal and foetal outcomes were analysed. Results: After applying the IADPSG criteria at RGH, the incidence of GDM decreased from 7.90% to 6.05%, a 23% relative decrease that was not statistically significant. In the same period in 2016 the referring Tertiary Hospital had a significantly higher incidence of 23% (X2=116.92, p<0.01). There was no significant difference in maternal or foetal outcomes under the IADPSG guideline. Conclusion: In a Secondary Hospital, the IADPSG criterion has not increased the incidence of GDM as expected. Literature on the new incidence of GDM is lacking and more data is required to quantify the effect of the IADPSG guideline in Australia.

Dolgormaa Dambaravdan is Medical Nutritionist and works as Head Of Department Of Food And Nutrition Departmental in Grand Med Hospital in Ulaanbaatar. She has experience of study some researches such as ‘’Condition Of National Food And Nutrition’’ and project called ‘’The lunch for students in elementary school”. In her focus on health grip especailly for diabetic children’s food and nutrition, quality of life actively involved in the event for them. Dolgormaa Dambaravdan is successfully participated in "International Conference on Diabetes and Metabolism & 5th Asian Association for the Study of Diabetes, 2013" and "World Diabetes Congtess 2015’’ with her studies.

Statement of the Problem: In National Health Center for Maternal and Child in Mongolia between 1996 to 2008, the number of kids with diabetes type I increased twice in last 10 years, which shows one in every 10 children are risk of diabetes. In 2016, 84 children age of 0-18 under control for diabetes in National Health Center for Maternal and Child. There is not enough researches for diabetes in children and teenagers especially researches in nutrition and food for diabetes which becomes the basis for this research. The purpose of this study is Nutrition food assessments for children with type I diabetes also determine the relationship between intake the carbohydrate and inject the insulin. Methodology: In team of 22 children for General Anamneses (general information, physical measurements, health indication, nutrition in food, courses about diabetes, some tests) and team of 12 children for actual experiment (3 days study for food intake in 24 hours, dose of insulin injection for a day and changes of sugar in blood) of food and nutrition. Findings: The result of comparison of carbohydrates intake and insulin injection for each child shows not enough for 1:15 and risk of getting related complications due to cannot adjust the carbohydrate and insulin. Conclusion & Significance: 32% of children in team were male and 68% of them were female in all children who participated in research. Food nutrition assessment by comparison graphic of general body indication and body mass indication. The outcome was 13,6% underweight, 86,3% normal by BMI(body mass index) indication and general indication of body shows 18,2% of them stunted growth, 81,8% of them have normal growth. Outcome from this study shows 2 children in every 10 children diagnosed with type I diabetes have underweight. In Actual experiment assessment, 5 children which is 41,6% of them intake micro nutrition from food is just 50% of normal physiological needs. Other children in team in taking 59,3-82,3% micro nutrition with their food.

Ko-Woon Kim is a graduate of Kyunghee University, Department of Genetic Engineering, Chungbuk National University Medical School, and is working as a major in in Family Medicine at St. Vincent’s Hospital of the Catholic University of Korea.

Aim. Smoking is a major risk factor for diabetes mellitus, mainly due to decreased insulin secretion and increased insulin resistance. However, there has been little research on the effects of smoking cessation period on changes in insulin resistance. In this study, we investigated the relationships between the length of time since smoking cessation period and insulin resistance in asymptomatic Korean male ex-smokers. Methods. A total of 851 male adults were included in this study. We considered several factors that can affect insulin resistance and, through multiple linear regression analysis, we assessed the effect the length of time since smoking cessation on insulin resistance in ex-smokers. Insulin resistance was represented as the insulin resistance index estimated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Results. HOMA-IR values showed a statistically significant negative correlation with the length of time since smoking cessation (p=0.009) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p=0.003). After performing multiple linear regression analysis using factors that could potentially influence insulin resistance, we found that waist circumference (p=0.026) and the length of time since smoking cessation (p=0.039) were independent predictors of HOMA-IR. Conclusion. The longer the smoking cessation period, the more the insulin resistance tended to decrease in asymptomatic Korean male ex-smokers.

Myunghoe Heo graduated from Sunmoon university, Department of chemistry (2011-2017). In 2017, Joined Professor Seo’s Medicinal Chemistry lab in Department of Pharmacy at Gachon university. His interest area is synthesis homisoflavanone analogs for the treatment of macular degeneration.

Recently, the antiangiogenic homoisoflavonoid cremastranone (1), isolated from the plants Muscari armeniacum, Chionodoxa luciliae, Scilla natalensis, Merwilla plumbea, and Cremastra appendiculata was synthesized for the first time by us. Its naturally occurring congeners (2–10), which contain either 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy or 7-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy groups, have been reported already as shown in Figure 1 and mostof them lack common names other than eucomnalin (9; autumnalin) and 3,9-dihydroeucomnalin (4; 3,9-dihydroautumnalin). Two review articlesdeal with the natural origins and structures of most homoisoflavonoids, and thereafter various studies of the homoisoflavonoids have been published. Nevertheless, there have not been synthetic efforts towards suchhomoisoflavonoids since the synthesis of 4 and 9 was reported in 1971.A chemical synthesis of 5,6,7-trisubstituted homoisoflavonoids has the potential to provide a general and expedient entry into a plethora of analogues potentially with interesting biological activities. Herein we report the first synthesis of cremastranone’s derivatives in three or four steps from the known 4-chromenone, involving a chemoselective 1,4-reduction and manipulation of protecting groups.

Sanha Lee graduated from Korea Maritime and Ocean University, In 2017 she joined Professor Seo’s Medicinal Chemistry lab in college of pharmacy Gachon University. Her major is industry medicinal chemistry. Her research focused on design and synthesis small molecules for treatment of diabetes and related diseases.

Two different ways in chemoselective acylation of 2-amino-8-quinolinol with unique features to generate C2-amides or C8-esters were developed. The coupling reaction with a variety of carboxylic acids using EDCI and DMAP provided C8-ester derivatives, whereas N-heteroaromatic acids were not introduced on the C8-hydroxy group, but rather on the C2-amino group under the same conditions. To obtain C2-amides selectively, the anionic nucleophile from 2-amino-8-quinolinol was treated with less reactive acyl imidazolides or esters.

Yongha Hwang is currently a student for Master degree at College of Pharmacy, Gachon University. His research interests focus on the development of therapeutic intervention for treatment of diabetes.

Diabetic nephropathy is the major microvascular complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (1). Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a small, ubiquitous phospholipid involved in cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, migration and suppression of apoptosis by binding to LPA receptors (LPARs) (2-5). Previously, it was reported that serum level of LPA is elevated in the diabetic conditions, but the involvement of LPA in development of diabetes and its complications remains unknown. We investigated the role of LPA signaling in diabetic nephropathy and the molecular mechanisms involved. The mRNA level of LPAR1 was significantly increased in both high-glucose maintained mesangial cells (SV40 MES13) and the kidney cortex of diabetic db/db mice. Increased albuminuria, serum creatinine, glomerular tuft area and glomerular volume were observed in db/db mice; this was reduced by LPAR1 antagonist (ki16425) treatment. TGFβ expression was upregulated in SV40 MES13 cells by LPA stimulation or in the kidney cortex of db/db mice, but which were blocked by ki16425 treatment. Further studies showed that LPA treatment of SV40 MES13 cells increased phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β at ser9 and induced translocation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)1 into the nucleus. Blocking phosphorylation of GSK3β inhibited SREBP1 activation and consequently blocked LPA-induced TGFβ expression in SV40 MES13 cells. These results suggest that glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β (Ser9) phosphorylation and subsequent sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)1 activation is involved in TGFβ production induced by LPA in the diabetic condition.

Jae Hyuk Lee from Republic of Korea has completed his MS degree in the department of pharmacognosy and pharmacology at Gachon University. He is currently a Ph.D. student under the supervision of Prof. Sun Yeou Kim at Gachon University. He has been investigating the underlying mechanism of the development of diabetes complications. Especially, he is interested in advanced glycation end product (AGE)-mediated glucotoxicity, hoping that his efforts will contribute to drug development for patients suffering from diabetes.

Methylglyoxal (MGO) is formed naturally in our body as by-product of glycolysis from the degradation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. One is as a glycating agent, and another as a molecule with some beneficial functions. Long term diabetic hyperglycemia leads to high serum MGO levels in our body, which can then contribute to Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs). On the other side as having a beneficial function, MGO might induce autophagy and apoptosis to clear up or recycle damaged cells. Autophagy is essential in cell development, differentiation, repair, immunology and maintenance of proteins. Therefore, MGO-induced autophagy and apoptosis agent expression in Human aortic endothelial cells (HAoEC) have been hypothesized. We investigated autophagy related expression of LC3-1/LC3-II, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, ER stress and MAPKs signaling pathway. Also, to check MGO effect on apoptosis, Bcl-2 (Anti-apoptotic), Bax (Pro-apoptotic) and Cleaved caspase-3 expression levels were experimented. To investigate the autophagic vacuoles, and to monitor autophagic flux in fixing cells, Cyto-ID® autophagy detection kit and confocal microscope was used. We have found that MGO effectively induced autophagy and apoptosis by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and by activating of LC3 via ER stress and MAPKs signaling pathway. In conclusion, MGO-induced autophagy and type II autophagic cell death (autosis) may effectively treat cardiovascular diseases with vascular endothelial cells via inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and ER stress/MAPKs signaling pathway. This research was supported by iPET (Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (Grant No. 115045-03)

Yue Yuan completed his Master in Pharmacy Engineering (DDS) in Woosuk University, North Jeolla, Korea in 2011. After that he moved to China and started his career as a Pre-clinical researcher in China Company from 2011-2013. After completing his two year job in Pharmaceutical Company he shifted Korea and joined Lee Gil Ya diabetes and cancer institute from 2013 to 2016. Presently, Mr. Yuan is a Ph.D Scholar in College of Pharmacy at Gachon University, Incheon, Kora and working on development of anti-cancer drugs, anti-diabetes drugs, and anti-diabetes complications drugs.

Allergic diseases prevalence rate has kept rising globally for more than 50 years. Sensitization to common allergens among children are approaching 50%. Allergic inflammation was classified into three phases: early-phase, late-phase, and chronic allergic inflammation. Gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid), a polyphenols natural product obtained from various herbs, is known to have various biological effects such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-cancer. In previous research, Shin and coworkers found out gallic acid inhibits mast cell-derived inflammatory allergic reactions by blocking histamine release and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. A number of gallic acid analogues have been synthesized by modification of different function groups on gallic acid through amide coupling and Pd/C-catalyzed hydrogenation. These compounds showed modest to high inhibitory effect on the histamine release and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Of these, 3c were tested in mouse model and found to be more active than natural gallic acid. Our findings suggest gallic amides have the potential to develop into pharmacological inhibitors for treatment of allergic inflammatory diseases.

Minsun Jeong holds a Ph.D. degree in genetics from Yale University, USA. She is currently a research professor in the College of Pharmacy at Gachon University, Republic of Korea. She is interested in molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of diabetes complications.

Under diabetic conditions, persistently elevated plasma glucose levels accelerate the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The highly reactive dicarbonyl compound methylglyoxal (MGO) is one of the major precursors of AGEs. MGO contributes to increasing the risk of diabetes complications including retinopathy, nephropathy, and cardiomyopathy, by inducing oxidative damage in multiple organs. Peanuts are rich in energy and nutrients, as well as contain various polyphenolic antioxidants. Here, we report the pharmaceutical potential of phenolic compounds in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea), by assessing their protective effects against MGO-induced cytotoxicity. First, we established the most efficient extraction conditions for phenolic compounds using roasted peanuts and 80% methanol, which were evaluated by the UHPLC-MSMS system. We found that peanut phenolic compounds were predominantly composed of p-coumaric acid, catechin, and epicatechin. Next, we assessed the effects of peanut phenolics on AGE formation and breakage in vitro using bovine serum albumin (BSA)-MGO and GSA-GO (glyoxal) models. Peanut phenolics not only inhibited AGE formation but also enhanced the breakdown of preformed AGEs. We also observed that MGO-induced cell death and ROS production were suppressed by the treatment of peanut extracts. Interestingly, MGO-mediated phosphorylation of MAPKs including ERK, JNK, and p38 was decreased by the pretreatment of peanut extracts in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The pretreatment of peanut extracts also restored the levels of Bax, p53, and Bcl-2 in MGO-treated HUVECs. Taken together, phenolic compounds in peanuts may have the protective effect against MGO-induced glucotoxicity in human endothelial cells, probably via regulating the MAPK signaling pathway and apoptosis. Our study suggests the pharmaceutical potential of peanut phenolics for the treatment of glucotoxcity.