34^th European Diabetes Congress

Dialysis and Transplantation

Dialysis and transplantation are critical medical treatments used to manage and treat end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and severe kidney failure. These therapies help maintain the patient's health by either replacing the function of the failed kidneys or by providing a new, functioning kidney. Dialysis is a medical procedure that replicates the kidney's essential functions, such as removing waste products and excess fluid from the blood. Blood is removed from the body, filtered through a dialyzer (an artificial kidney), and then returned to the body. This process removes waste products, extra chemicals, and fluid. Requires vascular access, usually through an arteriovenous (AV) fistula, AV graft, or a central venous catheter. Uses the lining of the abdomen (peritoneum) as the filter. A cleansing fluid (dialysate) is introduced into the abdominal cavity through a catheter, where it absorbs waste products and excess fluids from blood vessels in the peritoneum. The fluid is then drained and replaced. Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD). Requires a sterile environment to prevent infections; less effective for some patients compared to hemodialysis. Kidney transplantation involves surgically placing a healthy kidney from a donor into a patient with ESRD. It is considered the most effective treatment for kidney failure. A kidney from a living person, often a family member or close friend. Offers better survival rates and longevity. Both treatments require lifestyle adjustments. Dialysis impacts daily schedules and requires diet and fluid restrictions.